Written by a team of leading experts working in different SLA specialisms, this fourth edition
is a clear and concise introduction to the main theories of second language acquisition …

Judgment tasks (JTs, often called acceptability or grammaticality judgment tasks) are found
extensively throughout the history of second language (L2) research. Data from such …

This Handbook, with 45 chapters written by the world's leading scholars in second language
acquisition (SLA) and language testing, dives into the important interface between SLA and …

Task-based language teaching (TBLT) and instructed second language acquisition (ISLA)
have much in common in terms of theory, research, and educational relevance. The …

Implicit and explicit second language (L2) learning and the measurement of implicit and
explicit L2 knowledge have attracted considerable attention in second language acquisition …

There is a large literature showing that adult L2 learners, in contrast to children, often fail to
acquire native-like competence in the second language. Because of such age effects, adult …

Along with declaratives and interrogatives, imperatives are one of the three major clause
types of human language. In Spanish, imperative verb forms present poor morphology, yet …

Native (L1) and second-language (L2) sentence processing can sometimes be shallow. A
Good-Enough approach suggests that speakers may engage in shallow processing if the …

There is conflicting empirical evidence regarding the role of awareness in second language
learning. Possible explanations for the contradictory results include the modality in the …

We investigated the potential influence of implicit learning mechanisms on L2
morphosyntactic attainment by examining the relationship between age of onset (AoO), two …