Currently, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most prevalent type of kidney cancer. Targeted
therapy has replaced radiation therapy and chemotherapy as the main treatment option for …

Chemoresistance of cancer cells is a major problem in treating cancer. Knowledge of how
cancer cells may die or resist cancer drugs is critical to providing certain strategies to …

One of the primary causes of attenuated or loss of efficacy of cancer chemotherapy is the
emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR). Numerous studies have been published …

Background Sunitinib resistance can be classified into primary and secondary resistance.
While accumulating research has indicated several underlying factors contributing to …

The dynamic and versatile nature of diseases such as cancer has been a pivotal challenge
for developing efficient and safe therapies. Cancer treatments using a single therapeutic …

The use of multiple therapeutic agents in combination has become the primary strategy to
treat drug resistant cancers. However, administration of combinatorial regimens is limited by …

It has become necessary to accept the clinical reality of therapeutic agents targeting the
cancer-associated immune system. In recent decades, several investigations have …

The dipeptide boronic acid analogue VELCADE™(Bortezomib; formerly known as PS-341,
LDP-341 and MLM341) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the proteasome, a multicatalytic …

The proteasome is a multisubunit enzyme complex that plays a central role in the regulation
of proteins that control cell-cycle progression and apoptosis, and has therefore become an …

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and significantly burdens the healthcare
system. Due to its prevalence, there is undoubtedly an unmet need to discover novel …