Idiopathic calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones often develop attached to Randall's plaque
present on kidney papillary surfaces. Similar to the plaques formed during vascular …

The available publications on nephrocalcinosis are wide-ranging and have documented
multiple causes and associations of macroscopic or radiological nephrocalcinosis, most …

Diseases of ectopic calcification of the vascular wall range from lethal orphan diseases such
as generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI), to common diseases such as …

Environmental exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is ubiquitous, and this study
explored whether exposure to VOCs is associated with the risk of kidney stones. We …

High circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels are probably a major risk factor for
cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease. FGF23 interacts with the receptor FGFR4 …

There are two basic pathways for formation of calcium based kidney stones. Most idiopathic
calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones are formed in association with sub-epithelial plaques of …

Protein carbamylation is a posttranslational modification that can occur non-enzymatically in
the presence of high concentrations of urea. Although carbamylation is recognized as a …

Background Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in
the ABCC6 gene that result in low pyrophosphate levels and subsequent progressive soft …

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum is a rare disease mainly due to ABCC6 gene mutations and
characterized by ectopic biomineralization and fragmentation of elastic fibers resulting in …

Arterial calcification due to CD73 deficiency (ACDC), an autosomal recessive disorder,
manifests with extensive mineralization of the lower-extremity arteries as well as of hand and …