Bone remodeling is a lifelong process that gives rise to a mature, dynamic bone structure via
a balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts. These …

With an increasingly aging society, bone defects and fractures have become significant
threats to human health and quality of life. Currently, autologous and allogeneic bone grafts …

Mechanotransduction is a fundamental ability that allows living organisms to receive and
respond to physical signals from both the external and internal environments. The …

The initiation of osteogenesis primarily occurs as mesenchymal stem cells undergo
differentiation into osteoblasts. This differentiation process plays a crucial role in bone …

Physical forces are ubiquitous in biological processes across scales and diverse contexts.
This review highlights the significance of mechanical forces in nervous system development …

TLR4 signaling plays key roles in the innate immune response to microbial infection. Innate
immune cells encounter different mechanical cues in both health and disease to adapt their …

Abnormal mechanical load is a main risk factor of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD),
and cellular senescence is a pathological change in IDD. In addition, extracellular matrix …

Mechanical damage is one of the predisposing factors of inflammation, and it runs through
the entire inflammatory pathological process. Repeated or persistent damaging mechanical …

Osteocytes play a critical role in maintaining bone homeostasis and in regulating skeletal
response to hormones and mechanical loading. Substantial evidence have demonstrated …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease characterized by a variety of symptoms
and pathologies often presenting with polyarthritis. The primary symptom in the initial stage …