Antimicrobial host defense peptides are produced by all complex organisms as well as
some microbes and have diverse and complex antimicrobial activities. Collectively these …

In recent years, many compounds having potent antiviral activity in cell culture have been
detected and some of these compounds are currently undergoing either preclinical or …

Influenza virus and coronavirus, belonging to enveloped RNA viruses, are major causes of
human respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the broad spectrum …

Heparin and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans are long, linear polysaccharides that are
made up of alternating dissacharide sequences of sulfated uronic acid and amino sugars …

Heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans at cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix of most
animal tissues are essential in development and homeostasis, and variously implicated in …

Primary attachment to cellular glycans is a critical entry step for most human viruses. Some
viruses, such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), bind to …

Certain sulfated glycans, including those from marine sources, can show potential effects
against SARS-CoV-2. Here, a new fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FucCS) from the sea …

Understanding the mechanisms of HIV-1 transmission is crucial for the development of
effective preventive microbicides and vaccine strategies, and remains one of the main goals …

Although women constitute half of all HIV-1–infected people worldwide (UNAIDS World
AIDS Day Report, 2011), the earliest events in the female reproductive tract (FRT) during …

By targeting cells that provide protection against infection, HIV-1 causes acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome. Infection starts when gp120, the viral envelope glycoprotein …