Despite the increasing use of protoplasts in plant biotechnology research, shoot
regeneration from protoplasts remains challenging. In this study, we investigated the factors …

The gram-negative toxin lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are known to trigger inflammatory
cytokines in mammals, which can result in pathological responses. Upon treatment of …

Bacterial septicemia is commonly induced by Gram-negative bacteria. The immune
response is triggered in part by the secretion of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide …

Simple Summary The actions of bacterial toxin lipopolysaccharides (LPS) can lead to the
development of illness in humans and animals by triggering an immune system response …

Exposure of Drosophila skeletal muscle to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) rapidly and
transiently hyperpolarizes membrane potential. However, the mechanism responsible for …

Simple Summary The direct action of a toxin, lipopolysaccharide, which is released from
bacteria, on tissues is still not well understood. Skeletal muscle exposed to …

The endotoxin lipopolysaccharides (LPS), secreted from gram-negative bacteria, has direct
effects on synaptic transmission independent of systemic secondary cytokine responses …

The effects of Gram negative and positive bacterial sepsis depend on the type of toxins
released, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Previous studies …

Drosophila melanogaster (the fruit fly) is a valuable experimental platform for modeling host–
pathogen interactions. It is also commonly used to define innate immunity pathways and to …

The channels responsible for maintaining resting membrane potential are known as K2P
(two-P-domain K+ subunit) channels, a subset of which are known to be blocked by …