Respiratory viruses cause infections of the upper or lower respiratory tract and they are
responsible for the common cold—the most prevalent disease in the world. In many cases …

It is generally acknowledged that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play crucial roles in a
variety of natural processes in cells. If increased to levels which cannot be neutralized by the …

Background Oxidative stress may be a key player in COVID-19 pathogenesis due to its
significant role in response to infections. A defective redox balance has been related to viral …

The COVID-19 pandemic caused relatively high mortality in patients, especially in those with
concomitant diseases (ie, diabetes, hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary …

Hypoxia is one of the most common and severe challenges to the maintenance of
homeostasis. Oxygen sensing is a property of all tissues, and the response to hypoxia is …

Virus-induced oxidative stress plays an important role in the regulation of the host immune
system. In this review, we provide backgrounds of the pathogenic mechanism of oxidative …

Background and Purpose—Ly6Chi monocytes are generally thought to exert a
proinflammatory role in acute tissue injury, although their impact after injuries to the central …

Triggered in response to external and internal ligands in cells and animals, redox
homeostasis is transmitted via signal molecules involved in defense redox mechanisms …

Melatonin is an indoleamine with potent multifunctional biological and pharmacological
effects, both receptor dependent and receptor-independent effects, including antioxidant …

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a leading contributor to
mortality during recent influenza pandemics. The mechanism for this influenza-induced …