Thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) is a set of redox reactions between organic matter
and sulfates at temperatures> 120° C, and occurs in varied environments including deeply …

In soluble rocks such as limestone and dolostone there are two main types of cave genesis
(speleogenesis);(i) epigenic speleogenesis, in which the aggressiveness that forms caves is …

Sulfur in nature consists of two abundant stable isotopes, with two more neutrons in the
heavy one (34S) than in the light one (32S). The two isotopes show similar physicochemical …

Thermochemical sulfate reduction is considered to result in H 2 S> 10% and high dryness
coefficient values in the Lower Triassic and Upper Permian carbonate reservoirs in the NE …

Caves formed by rising sulfuric waters have been described from all over the world in a wide
variety of climate settings, from arid regions to mid-latitude and alpine areas. H 2 S is …

Studying the dynamics of nitrogen and sulphur cycling bacteria in river surface sediments is
essential to better understand their contribution to global biogeochemical cycles. Evaporitic …

Solid bitumen in reservoir rocks is an allochthonous organic matter formed from bitumen or
liquid hydrocarbons by various alteration processes. In this study, two types of altered solid …

In carbonate rocks, natural production of sulfuric acid can form karstic cavities. Where both
epigenic and hypogenic speleogeneses have taken place, these processes are challenging …

The worldwide environmental pollution and energy crisis have become two main challenges
currently. To this end, we aim to build a win–win strategy of clean hydrogen energy recovery …

In Italy, especially along the Apennine Chain, numerous active and inactive sulfuric acid
speleogenetic (SAS) caves have been documented in the last two decades. Here we …