Autoimmune diseases are heterogeneous with regard to prevalence, manifestations, and
pathogenesis. The classification of autoimmune diseases has varied over time. Here, we …

Abstract Introduction Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disorder
characterized by fibroproliferative vasculopathy, immunological abnormalities and …

Autoantibodies directed against a variety of nuclear, cytoplasmic and extracellular
autoantigens are a serological hallmark of systemic sclerosis. This review provides an …

A significant body of data implicates the type I interferon (IFN) pathway in the pathogenesis
of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. In these disorders, a self-reinforcing cycle of IFN …

All mammalian cells are equipped with large numbers of sensors for protection from various
sorts of invaders, who, in turn, are equipped with molecules containing pathogen-associated …

The interferon inducible protein 16 (IFI16) is a prominent sensor of nuclear pathogenic DNA,
initiating innate immune signaling and suppressing viral transcription. However, little is …

Sjögren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated
injury of exocrine glands, as well as a diverse array of extraglandular manifestations. B cell …

Background Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe complications of systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE). However, the current management of LN remains unsatisfactory due …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototype of complex autoimmune diseases.
Studies have suggested that genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors contribute to the …

The immune system has a central role in eliminating detrimental factors, by frequently
launching inflammatory responses towards pathogen infection and inner danger signal …