The skeleton is a dynamic organ that is constantly remodeled. Proteins secreted from bone
cells, namely osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts exert regulation on …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) and spinal infarction lead to neurological complications and
eventually to paraplegia or quadriplegia. These extremely debilitating conditions are major …

Macrophage polarization plays essential and diverse roles in most diseases, such as
atherosclerosis, adipose tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance. Homeostasis …

Blood vessels in the CNS form a specialized and critical structure, the blood–brain barrier
(BBB). We present a resource to understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate BBB …

Reactive astrocytes are associated with neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in diverse
neuropathologies; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We used optogenetic …

Chronic (neuro) inflammation plays an important role in many age-related central nervous
system (CNS) diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and vascular …

Neuroregeneration in the CNS has proven to be difficult despite decades of research. The
old dogma that CNS neurons cannot be regenerated in the adult mammalian brain has been …

Abstract Lipocalin‐2 (LCN2) has diverse functions in multiple pathophysiological conditions;
however, its pathogenic role in vascular dementia (VaD) is unknown. Here, we investigated …

Astrocytes are the main support cells of the central nervous system. They also participate in
neuroimmune reactions. In response to pathological and immune stimuli, astrocytes …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2
(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) first discovered in Wuhan, Hubei …