This article reviews the economic literature on informality, its causes, and its consequences
for development. It covers a comprehensive body of research that ranges from well-identified …

This paper develops and estimates an equilibrium model where heterogeneous firms can
exploit two margins of informality:(i) not register their business, the extensive margin; and (ii) …

This study investigates the dynamic interactions between fossil fuel-free, ESG, and carbon-
efficient investments and government stimulus in Europe before and after COVID-19. Using …

Through fiscal policy, the government can influence businesses and individuals in order to
regulate their behaviour. The research used panel data from all 27 EU countries covering …

The roles of urban informalities in the advancement of the sustainable city agenda are
contested in conventional literature. However, the contestation does not take account of the …

This paper aims to present a comprehensive survey of the literature on the economics of
informality. First, we focus on studies that aim to provide measures of informality using …

Trade is a well-established driver of growth and poverty reduction. But changes in trade
policy also have distributional impacts that create winners and losers. It is vital to understand …

The understanding of the role of informal employment in economic growth is important to
facilitate developing countries in safeguarding the decent work, productive employment, and …

Informality has become central to urban sustainability and one of the most polemically
debated topics in modern urban studies and human geography. Finn's analysis intends to …

This study analyzes the effect of ICT adoption on employment in developing countries. The
empirical analysis covers 70 developing countries over the 1996–2017 period. To better …