Upon increasing levels of threat, animals activate qualitatively different defensive modes,
including freezing and active fight-or-flight reactions. Whereas freezing is a form of …

We systematically review the literature on approach-avoidance (AA) tendencies in mental
disorders, including 97 empirical studies. Most evidence for the role of biased AA tendencies …

There is growing evidence that some individuals engage in both self-harm and aggression
during the course of their lifetime. The co-occurrence of self-harm and aggression is termed …

Facial expressions play a critical role in social interactions by eliciting rapid responses in the
observer. Failure to perceive and experience a normal range and depth of emotion seriously …

Altered empathic responding in social interactions in concert with a reduced capacity to
come up with effective solutions for interpersonal problems have been discussed as relevant …

The success of horror films, popularity of true crime, and prevalence of violence in the news
implies that morbid curiosity is a common psychological trait. However, research on morbid …

We are frequently challenged with situations requiring the control of our emotions, often
under substantial time-pressure and rapidly changing contextual demands. Coping with …

Testosterone enhances amygdala reactions to social threat, but it remains unclear whether
this neuroendocrine mechanism is relevant for understanding its dominance-enhancing …

Aggression is a common agonistic behavior affecting social life and well-being of humans
and animals. However, the underlying mechanisms of aggression remain poorly …

Empathic impairment is one of the hallmarks of psychopathy, a personality dimension
associated with poverty in affective reactions, lack of attachment to others, and a callous …