Experimental models have often been at the origin of immunological paradigms such as the
M1/M2 dichotomy following macrophage polarization. However, this clear dichotomy in …

Buruli ulcer is a noncontagious disabling cutaneous and subcutaneous mycobacteriosis
reported by 33 countries in Africa, Asia, Oceania, and South America. The causative agent …

Revived analysis interests in natural products in the hope of discovering new and novel
antileishmanial drug leads have been driven partially by the increasing incidence of drug …

Zoonotic diseases accounts for about 75% of emerging infectious disease and can be
devastating to both human and animal health globally. A subset of zoonotic diseases is …

Background Plants represent an intricate and innovative source for the discovery of novel
therapeutic remedies for the management of various ailments. The current study has been …

Introduction Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most frequent form of leishmaniasis, with
0.7 to 1.2 million cases per year globally. However, the burden of CL is poorly documented …

The epidemiological transition has reduced infectious diseases mortality in most European
countries, yet increased migrant influx risks importing diseases. All reported prevalence …

Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan that affects
animals and human. Transmission is zoonotic and/or anthroponotic through the bite of an …

Visceral leishmaniasis is an emerging neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by the
protozoan Leishmania infantum in the countries bordering the Mediterranean Basin …

Over the last decade, there has been a flurry of research on adjuvants for vaccines, and
several novel adjuvants are now licensed products or in late stage clinical development. The …