Mitochondria produce energy in the form of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. As defects in
oxidative phosphorylation can generate harmful reactive oxygen species, it is important that …

Post-translational modification of proteins by ubiquitin is required for nearly all aspects of
eukaryotic cell function. The numerous targets of ubiquitylation, and variety of ubiquitin …

Mutations in the E3 ubiquitin ligase parkin (PARK2, also known as PRKN) and the protein
kinase PINK1 (also known as PARK6) are linked to autosomal-recessive juvenile …

The Parkinson's disease‐associated protein kinase PINK 1 and ubiquitin ligase Parkin
coordinate the ubiquitination of mitochondrial proteins, which marks mitochondria for …

Parkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase implicated in early-onset forms of Parkinson's disease. It
catalyzes a transthiolation reaction by accepting ubiquitin (Ub) from an E2 conjugating …

Ubiquitin (UB) transfer cascades consisting of E1, E2, and E3 enzymes constitute a complex
network that regulates a myriad of biologic processes by modifying protein substrates …

Aging, toxic chemicals and changes to the cellular environment are sources of oxidative
damage to mitochondria which contribute to neurodegenerative conditions including …

The Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) is responsible for the degradation of misfolded or
aggregated proteins via a multistep ATP-dependent proteolytic mechanism. This process …

E2 conjugating enzymes are the key catalytic actors in the transfer of ubiquitin, SUMO, and
other ubiquitin-like modifiers to their substrate proteins. Their high rates of transfer and …

Mitochondria are organelles present in most eukaryotic cells, where they play major and
multifaceted roles. The classical notion of the main mitochondrial function as the …