Accurate perception of the environment is a constructive process that requires integration of
external bottom-up sensory signals with internally generated top-down information. Decades …

Over the last two decades the combination of brain slice patch clamp electrophysiology with
optogenetic stimulation has proven to be a powerful approach to analyze the architecture of …

Humans detect skin temperature changes that are perceived as warm or cool. Like humans,
mice report forepaw skin warming with perceptual thresholds of less than 1° C and do not …

Deciphering the neural patterns underlying brain functions is essential to understanding
how neurons are organized into networks. This deciphering has been greatly facilitated by …

The l-arabinose-responsive AraC and its cognate PBAD promoter underlie one of the most
often used chemically inducible prokaryotic gene expression systems in microbiology and …

Cortical circuits are thought to contain a large number of cell types that coordinate to
produce behavior. Current in vivo methods rely on clustering of specified features of …

Optogenetics is a widely used technology with potential for translational research. A critical
component of such applications is the ability to track the location of the transduced opsin in …

The first member and eponym of the rhodopsin family was identified in the 1930s as the
visual pigment of the rod photoreceptor cell in the animal retina. It was found to be a …

Brain functions are fundamental for the survival of organisms, and they are supported by
neural circuits consisting of a variety of neurons. To investigate the function of neurons at the …

Strategies for eradicating cancer stem cells (CSCs) are urgently required because CSCs are
resistant to anticancer drugs and cause treatment failure, relapse and metastasis. Here, we …