Although milk consumption is increasing worldwide, in some geographical regions, its
consumption has persistently declined in recent decades. This fact, together with the …

Background A number of randomised in vivo trials have to date investigated the health
impacts of the genetic variants A1 and A2 of bovine β-casein. The primary difference …

Acute-feeding and multiple-day studies have demonstrated that milk containing A2 β-casein
only causes fewer symptoms of lactose intolerance (LI) than milk containing both A1 and A2 …

The possible adverse effect of consuming bovine milk with A1 β-casein (but not with A2 β-
casein) on health aspects due to the release of β-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7) is currently under …

Lactose intolerance is a gastrointestinal symptom caused by a deficiency or decreased
activity of the enzyme lactase in the gut, which makes it difficult to fully digest lactose in …

β-Casomorphin-7 (BCM-7) is a peptide released through the proteolysis of β-casein (β-CN),
which is considered a bioactive peptide displaying evidence of promoting the binding and …

Food-derived opioid peptides include digestive products derived from cereal and dairy diets.
If these opioid peptides breach the intestinal barrier, typically linked to permeability and …

Bovine milk is an essential supplement due to its rich energy-and nutrient-rich qualities.
Caseins constitute the vast majority of the proteins in milk. Among these, β-casein comprises …

Dietary proteins provide bioactive peptides, which are important for host gastrointestinal
functions. We hypothesized that A2-type β-casein could provide gastrointestinal benefits and …

The impact of amino acid mutations within the peptide structure of bovine milk protein is
important to understand as it can effect processability and subsequently effect its …