1.1 Background Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is defined as a state of persistent
immune response to stimulation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens with no evidence …

Coughing is a dynamic physiological process resulting from input of vagal sensory neurons
innervating the airways and perceived airway irritation. Although cough serves to protect …

The transmission of tuberculosis (TB) occurs mainly via inhalation of airborne droplet nuclei;
however, the precise details of this process remain uncertain. We reviewed the literature …

Pulmonary tuberculosis, a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), manifests
with a persistent cough as both a primary symptom and mechanism of transmission. The …

Background Accurate diagnosis and subsequent treatment of latent tuberculosis infection
(LTBI) is essential for TB elimination. However, the absence of a gold standard test for …

Background. Tuberculosis disease develops in only 5%–10% of humans infected with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The mechanisms underlying this variability remain poorly …

In the study of sea ice, the portion of an iceberg that sits below the water is known as the
bummock, counterpart to the hummock, the visible crest of ice. As amateur oceanographers …

Objectives As a closed gathering place, prison is the cradle of tuberculosis (TB) outbreak.
Therefore, the analysis of the prevalence rate and risk factors of latent tuberculosis infection …

During both health and disease, a coordinated response between the epithelium, immune
system, and enteric nervous system is required for proper intestinal function. While each …

Until the COVID-19 pandemic came upon us, tuberculosis was the leading cause of human
death due to a single infectious agent. Until successfully treated, infected individuals may …