The highly efficient energy conversion of the polymer‐electrolyte‐membrane fuel cell
(PEMFC) is extremely limited by the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics and …

Two-dimensional materials and single-atom catalysts are two frontier research fields in
catalysis. A new category of catalysts with the integration of both aspects has been rapidly …

Fundamental understanding of the dynamic behaviors at the electrochemical interface is
crucial for electrocatalyst design and optimization. Here, we revisit the oxygen reduction …

Polymer electrolyte fuel cells operating on clean and sustainable hydrogen are an attractive
solution for clean transportation. However, polymer electrolyte fuel cells are costly owing to …

Iron–nitrogen–carbon materials (Fe–N–C) are known for their excellent oxygen reduction
reaction (ORR) performance. Unfortunately, they generally show a laggard oxygen evolution …

The fuel cell is an electrochemical device that can directly convert the chemical energy of
fuels into electrical energy through a chemical reaction at the interface of the electrode and …

The active sites of Fe–N–C catalysts are nitrogen coordinated iron atoms, FeNx (x= 1–5),
that have five possible coordination numbers. FeN4 active sites are commonly reported, but …

The electrocatalytic oxygen reactions, ie oxygen reduction/evolution reactions (ORR/OER),
play a key role in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices, including fuel …

Abstract Development of platinum group metal (PGM)-free as well as iron-free
electrocatalysts is imperative to achieve low-cost and long-term durability of polymer …

Exploring non-precious-metal catalysts (NPMCs) for highly-efficient oxygen reduction
reactions (ORRs) in fuel cells holds great potential to ease the global energy challenge …