Ischemia–reperfusion–induced lung injury is characterized by nonspecific alveolar damage,
lung edema, and hypoxemia occurring within 72 hours after lung transplantation. The most …

This article starts with a brief account of the history of research on pulmonary surfactant. We
will then discuss the morphological aspects and composition of the pulmonary surfactant …

Dysfunction of the pulmonary allograft with impaired oxygenation and radiographic opacities
consistent with pulmonary edema occurs in up to 50% of lung transplant (LTx) recipients. 1 …

The practice of lung transplantation is constrained by a shortage of suitable donor organs.
Furthermore, even “optimal” donor lung grafts are at risk of significant dysfunction …

The general principles regarding immediate post-operative care in patients undergoing lung
transplantation have been outlined in several review articles. 1–3 Patients with post …

The term primary graft dysfunction (PGD) incorporates a continuum of disease severity from
moderate to severe acute lung injury (ALI) within 72 h of lung transplantation. It represents …

The surfactant system of the lung has essential biophysical and immunomodulatory
functions. Only at the electron microscopic level does surfactant reveal its morphological …

Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) result in surfactant dysfunction. Whether the impairment of
surfactant is a consequence or a cause of intraalveolar edema formation is still unknown …

Objective Deliberate elevation of Paco 2 (therapeutic hypercapnia) protects against lung
injury induced by lung reperfusion and severe lung stretch. Conversely, hypocapnic …

The existence of a surface active substance in the lung was first postulated by von Neergard
as early as 1929 (1). He found the calculated surface tension at the alveolar air-liquid …