We review progress in Baltic Sea physical oceanography (including sea ice and atmosphere–
land interactions) and Baltic Sea modelling, focusing on research related to BALTEX Phase …

The authors review recent advances in the development of coupled Regional Earth System
Models (RESMs), a field that is still in its early stages. To date, coupled regional atmosphere …

We present Nemo-Nordic, a Baltic and North Sea model based on the NEMO ocean engine.
Surrounded by highly industrialized countries, the Baltic and North seas and their assets …

The effect of wind waves on water level and currents during two storms in the North Sea is
investigated using a high-resolution Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) …

We introduce PARASO, a novel five-component fully-coupled regional climate model over
an Antarctic circumpolar domain covering the full Southern Ocean. The state-of-the-art …

For the first time, the Limited-Area Mode of the new ICON (Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic)
weather and climate model has been used for a continuous long-term regional climate …

This article compares interactively coupled atmosphere–ocean hindcast simulations with
stand-alone runs of the atmosphere and ocean models using the recently developed …

So-called medicanes (Mediterranean hurricanes) are meso-scale, marine, and warm-core
Mediterranean cyclones that exhibit some similarities to tropical cyclones. The strong …

Coupled circulation (NEMO) and wave model (WAM) system was used to study the effects of
surface ocean waves on water temperature distribution and heat exchange at regional scale …

Nonlinear responses to externally forced climate change are known to dampen or amplify
the local climate impact due to complex cross-compartmental feedback loops in the Earth …