Abstract The standard Λ Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) cosmological model provides a good
description of a wide range of astrophysical and cosmological data. However, there are a …

A number of challenges to the standard Λ CDM model have been emerging during the past
few years as the accuracy of cosmological observations improves. In this review we discuss …

The simplest ΛCDM model provides a good fit to a large span of cosmological data but
harbors large areas of phenomenology and ignorance. With the improvement of the number …

The current cosmological probes have provided a fantastic confirmation of the standard Λ
Cold Dark Matter cosmological model, which has been constrained with unprecedented …

The Hubble tension has now grown to a level of significance which can no longer be
ignored and calls for a solution which, despite a huge number of attempts, has so far eluded …

The dawn of the twenty-first century came with very positive prospects for gravity, cosmology,
and astrophysics. Technological progress made it possible for cosmology to enter to its …

Early dark energy (EDE) that behaves like a cosmological constant at early times (redshifts
z≳ 3000) and then dilutes away like radiation or faster at later times can solve the Hubble …

The strong discrepancy between local and early-time (inverse distance ladder) estimates of
the Hubble constant H 0 could be pointing towards new physics beyond the concordance Λ …

We explore whether nonstandard dark sector physics might be required to solve the existing
cosmological tensions. The properties we consider in combination are (a) an interaction …

Within the Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model, measurements from recent cosmic
microwave background (CMB) and weak lensing (WL) surveys have uncovered a∼ 3σ …