The neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is a challenge
for clinicians, both at a diagnostic and therapeutic level. Although in 1999 the American …

Autoimmune chorea syndromes represent a vast array of paraneoplastic, parainfectious and
idiopathic disorders. It is increasingly apparent that familiarity with these disorders is …

Movement disorders (MDs) are common in patients with autoimmune disorders affecting the
central and peripheral nervous system. They may be observed in autoimmune disorders …

Movement disorders have been known to be associated with a variety of autoimmune
diseases, including Sydenham's chorea, pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders …

Movement disorders (MDs), particularly chorea, may be the presenting neurological
complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the antiphospholipid syndrome …

Chorea is defined by the presence of abnormal, involuntary, continuous, random
movements that results from a number of autoimmune, hereditary, vascular, metabolic, drug …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the classical immune‐complex disease. Involvement
of vital organs, particularly the kidneys and brain, accounts for significant morbidity and …

Chorea is a movement disorder which may be associated with immunologic diseases, in
particular in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Choreic movements have …

With the advances in neuroimmunology especially due to the discovery of new neuronal
antibodies, the recognition of treatable antibody-related movement disorders has recently …

Deep brain stimulation has been used as a means of reducing dyskinesias in various
conditions, including Parkinson's disease and dystonia for many years. Recently, owing to …