Aposematic theory has historically predicted that predators should select for warning signals
to converge on a single form, as a result of frequency‐dependent learning. However …

Behavioral ecologists have long studied the role of coloration as a defense against natural
enemies. Recent reviews of defensive coloration have emphasized that these visual signals …

The role of colours and colour patterns in behavioural ecology has been extensively studied
in a variety of contexts and taxa, while almost overlooked in many others. For decades …

Aposematic organisms couple conspicuous warning signals with a secondary defense to
deter predators from attacking. Novel signals of aposematic prey are expected to be …

Contrary to expectations regarding efficient predator education mediated by lack of
ambiguity and enhanced prey recognition, aposematic signals often show considerable …

Multimodal signals facilitate communication with conspecifics during courtship, but they can
also alert eavesdropper predators. Hence, signallers face two pressures: enticing partners to …

Natural selection is widely noted to drive divergence of phenotypic traits. Predation pressure
can facilitate morphological divergence, for example the evolution of both cryptic and …

Highlights•The mountain katydid performs a colourful deimatic display when disturbed.•We
determined the visual, auditory and tactile stimuli that trigger this display.•Our results show …

Amphibians are one of the most remarkable sources of unique natural products. Biogenic
amines, peptides, bufodienolides, alkaloids, and volatile organic compounds have been …

Chemically defended animals often display conspicuous color patterns that predators learn
to associate with their unprofitability and subsequently avoid. Such animals (ie, aposematic) …