After more than two decades of preclinical and clinical studies, on August 27, 2019, the US
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the adenosine A 2A receptor antagonist …

Studies on prefrontal cortex (PFC) dopamine (DA) function have revealed its essential role
in mediating a variety of cognitive and executive functions. A general principle that has …

Striatal dopamine (DA) is thought to code for learned associations between cues and
reinforcers and to mediate approach behavior toward a reward. Less is known about the …

Dependence to drugs of abuse is closely associated with impulsivity, or the propensity to
choose a lower, but immediate, reward over a delayed, but more valuable outcome. Here …

Different forms of behavioral flexibility are facilitated by interactions between separate
regions of the prefrontal cortex and their striatal outputs. However, the contribution of ventral …

Adenosine and adenosine receptors (ARs) are increasingly recognized as important
therapeutic targets for controlling cognition under normal and disease conditions for its dual …

Studies of visual discrimination reversal learning have revealed striking neurochemical
dissociations at the level of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) with serotoninergic, but not …

For> 30 years, positron emission tomography (PET) has proven to be a powerful approach
for measuring aspects of dopaminergic transmission in the living human brain; this …

There are broad individual differences in the ability to voluntarily and effortfully suppress
motivated, reward-seeking behaviors, and this review presents the hypothesis that these …

Multiple lines of evidence indicate that androgens, such as testosterone, modulate the
mesocorticolimbic system and executive function. This review integrates neuroanatomical …