The execution and learning of diverse movements involve neuronal networks distributed
throughout the nervous system. The brainstem and basal ganglia are key for processing …

Flexibly selecting appropriate actions in response to complex, ever-changing environments
requires both cortical and subcortical regions, which are typically described as participating …

The cortico–basal ganglia–thalamo–cortical loop is one of the fundamental network motifs in
the brain. Revealing its structural and functional organization is critical to understanding …

Significant evidence supports the view that dopamine shapes learning by encoding reward
prediction errors. However, it is unknown whether striatal targets receive tailored dopamine …

In the basal ganglia (BG), anatomically segregated and topographically organized
feedforward circuits are thought to modulate multiple behaviors in parallel. Although …

Learned associations between environmental cues and the outcomes they predict (cue-
outcome associations) play a major role in behavioral control, guiding not only which …

The neural mechanisms that generate an extensible library of motor motifs and flexibly string
them into arbitrary sequences are unclear. We developed a model in which inhibitory basal …

At the group-level, deep brain stimulation leads to significant therapeutic benefit in a
multitude of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. At the single-patient level …

The Papez circuit, first proposed by James Papez in 1937, is a circuit believed to control
memory and emotions, composed of the cingulate cortex, entorhinal cortex …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by altered social
interaction and communication, and repetitive, restricted, inflexible behaviors. Approximately …