A group of European experts was commissioned to establish guidelines on the therapeutic
use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) from evidence published up until …

Transcranial magnetic and electric stimulation of the brain are novel and highly promising
techniques currently employed in both research and clinical practice. Improving or …

The cerebellum is involved in multiple closed-loops circuitry which connect the cerebellar
modules with the motor cortex, prefrontal, temporal, and parietal cortical areas, and …

Noninvasive cortical stimulation (NICS) can produce analgesic effects by means of repetitive
transcranial magnetic stimulation or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Such …

Objectives. Tinnitus is related to alterations in neuronal activity of auditory and nonauditory
brain areas. Targeted modulation of these areas by repetitive transcranial magnetic …

Central sensitization is a driving mechanism in many chronic pain patients, and manifests as
hyperalgesia and allodynia beyond any apparent injury. Recent studies have demonstrated …

An inherent limitation of functional imaging studies is their correlational approach. More
information about critical contributions of specific brain regions can be gained by focal …

Background Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the primary motor cortex
(M1) at high frequency (> 5 Hz) induces analgesic effects, probably by activating pain …

Purpose: The cerebellum is involved in a wide number of integrative functions, but its role in
pain experience and in the nociceptive information processing is poorly understood. In …

Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been studied as a
treatment option for chronic tinnitus for almost 10 years now. Although most of these studies …