Abstract Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression is a biologically plausible, multi-
level theory that describes neural, physiologic, molecular, and genomic mechanisms that …

Neuroinflammation is a physiological protective response in the context of infection and
injury. However, neuroinflammation, especially if chronic, may also drive …

Sex has a role in the incidence and outcome of neurological illnesses, also influencing the
response to treatments. Neuroinflammation is involved in the onset and progression of …

Protein S-nitros (yl) ation (SNO) is a posttranslational modification involved in diverse
processes in health and disease and can contribute to synaptic damage in Alzheimer's …

Inflammatory activation of microglia is a hallmark of several disorders of the central nervous
system. In addition to protecting the brain against inflammatory insults, microglia are …

Several neurological conditions are associated with sex differences in prevalence or
outcome. For example, autism predominantly affects boys, depression is more common in …

The activation of resident microglial cells, alongside the infiltration of peripheral
macrophages, are key neuroinflammatory responses to traumatic brain injury (TBI) that are …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a wide class of disorders of the central nervous
system (CNS) with unknown etiology. Several factors were hypothesized to be involved in …

Brain sexual differentiation in rodents results from the perinatal testicular androgen surge. In
the preoptic area (POA), estradiol aromatized from testosterone upregulates the production …

There is still an unresolved paradox with respect to the immunomodulating role of estrogens.
On one side, we recognize inhibition of bone resorption and suppression of inflammation in …