Interaction of the T cell receptor (TCR) with an MHC-antigenic peptide complex results in
changes at the molecular and cellular levels in T cells. The outside environmental cues are …

A paradigm shift in the understanding of the exhausted CD8+ T cell (Tex) lineage is
underway. Originally thought to be a uniform population that progressively loses effector …

The T lymphocyte, especially its capacity for antigen-directed cytotoxicity, has become a
central focus for engaging the immune system in the fight against cancer. Basic science …

The transcription factors nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and activator protein 1 (AP-
1; Fos–Jun) cooperate to promote the effector functions of T cells, but NFAT in the absence …

Abstract 'T cell exhaustion'is a broad term that has been used to describe the response of T
cells to chronic antigen stimulation, first in the setting of chronic viral infection but more …

Recently, in the field of cancer treatment, the paradigm has changed to immunotherapy that
activates the immune system to induce cancer attacks. Among them, immune checkpoint …

The majority of tumor-infiltrating T cells exhibit a terminally exhausted phenotype, marked by
a loss of self-renewal capacity. How repetitive antigenic stimulation impairs T cell self …

CD8+ T cells specific for cancer cells are detected within tumours. However, despite their
presence, tumours progress. The clinical success of immune checkpoint blockade and …

The efficacy of adoptive T cell therapies for cancer treatment can be limited by suppressive
signals from both extrinsic factors and intrinsic inhibitory checkpoints,. Targeted gene editing …

T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CAR T cells) have shown impressive
therapeutic efficacy against leukemias and lymphomas. However, they have not been as …