Although there are many hypotheses for the age-related difference in the severity of COVID-
19, differences in innate, adaptive and heterologous immunity, together with differences in …

Background Meta-analyses and single-site studies have established that children are less
infectious than adults within a household when positive for ancestral SARS-CoV-2. In …

Two epidemiological parameters often characterise the transmissibility of infectious
diseases: the basic reproductive number (R0) and the dispersion parameter (k). R0 …

Purpose Robust biomarkers that predict disease outcomes amongst COVID-19 patients are
necessary for both patient triage and resource prioritisation. Numerous candidate …

Studies during the COVID-19 pandemic showed that children had heightened nasal innate
immune responses compared with adults. To evaluate the role of nasal viruses and bacteria …

SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination, supported by
social and public health measures, has proven efficacious for reducing disease severity and …

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic is characterized by the
emergence of novel variants of concern (VOCs) that replace ancestral strains. Here, we …

Evolved SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) spread through human populations in
succession. Major virus variations are in the entry-facilitating viral spike (S) proteins; …

Background Variations in the ACE2 activity in saliva could explain the striking differences of
susceptibility to infection and risk of severe disease. Methods We analyze the activity of …

Reverse zoonotic respiratory diseases threaten great apes across Sub-Saharan Africa.
Studies of wild chimpanzees have identified the causative agents of most respiratory …