There is substantial variation between individuals in the immune response to vaccination. In
this review, we provide an overview of the plethora of studies that have investigated factors …

Understanding how human genetics influence infectious disease susceptibility offers the
opportunity for new insights into pathogenesis, potential drug targets, risk stratification …

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Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viral infection or co-infection leads to risk of
development of chronic infection, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) …

Background The course of viral hepatitis is thought to be affected by genetic host variability
and, in particular, by genes of the major histocompatibility locus. Hepatitis A and B …

Hepatitis B vaccines have now been available for over 20 years. The World Health
Organization has recommended that hepatitis B vaccination should be included in routine …

The immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine is unknown for patients with chronic hepatitis C,
although hepatitis B vaccination is highly recommended in these patients. We therefore …

Conventional hepatitis B vaccines do not elicit adequate antibody production in 5–10%
vaccinees. This trial tests the ability of a third-generation vaccine, containing PreS1 and …

In laboratory animals, an adequate way to assess effects of environmental exposures on the
immune system is to study effects on antigen-specific immune responses, such as after …

Although immune response to vaccines can be influenced by several parameters, human
genetic variations are thought to strongly influence the variability in vaccine responsiveness …