This chapter reviews the current state of knowledge on bio-physical interactions at
mesoscale and at sub-mesoscale. It is focused on the mid-latitudes open ocean. From …

The effect of the geostrophic stirring on phytoplankton variability during the northeast Atlantic
spring bloom is studied by analyzing satellite derived surface chlorophyll, sea surface …

Within the pycnocline, where diapycnal mixing is suppressed, both the vertical movement
(uplift) of isopycnal surfaces and upward motion along sloping isopycnals supply nutrients to …

Carbon export from the surface to the deep ocean is a primary control on global carbon
budgets and is mediated by plankton that are sensitive to physical forcing. Earth system …

The Kuroshio is one of the most energetic western boundary currents accompanied by
vigorous eddy activity both on mesoscale and submesoscale, which affects biogeochemical …

Marine plankton play a crucial role in carbon storage, global climate, and ecosystem
function. Planktonic ecosystems are embedded in patches of water that are continuously …

The eddy field in the Arabian Sea experiences seasonal wind‐driven intensification during
the summer monsoon season from June through September. These strong eddies …

The oceanic circulation in the meso to submesoscale regime generates heterogeneity in the
concentrations of biogeochemical components over these scales, horizontally between 1 …

An idealized circulation model of coastal upwelling coupled to an ecosystem model has
been built to address the impact of features such as eddies and filaments emerging from …

The subtropical North Atlantic is considered a hot spot for biological nitrogen fixation, with
estimated rates between 1 and 20× 1011 mol nitrogen fixed annually. However, the region's …