The invention of the laser in 1960 gave us the ruby laser, which generally produced chaotic
pulses of light. Six years later, in 1966, a concept called passive mode-locking applied to …

Photosynthesis has been using energy from sunlight to assimilate atmospheric CO2 for at
least 3.5 billion years. Through evolution and natural selection, photosynthetic organisms …

Abstract Photosystems II and I (PSII, PSI) are the reaction centre-containing complexes
driving the light reactions of photosynthesis; PSII performs light-driven water oxidation and …

Photosystem I (PSI) is a multi-subunit pigment-protein complex that functions in light-
harvesting and photochemical charge-separation reactions, followed by reduction of NADP …

Quantifying cellular components is a basic and important step for understanding how a cell
works, how it responds to environmental changes, and for re-engineering cells to produce …

Cryo-sample preparation is a vital step in the process of obtaining high-resolution structures
of macromolecules by using the single-particle cryo–electron microscopy (cryo-EM) method; …

Photosystem I (PSI) catalyzes light-induced electron-transfer reactions and has been
observed to exhibit various oligomeric states and different energy levels of chlorophylls …

Photosystem I (PSI) is one of the most efficient photoelectric apparatus in nature, converting
solar energy into condensed chemical energy with almost 100% quantum efficiency. The …

Photosynthetic hydrogen (photoH2) production is an elegant approach to storing solar
energy. The most efficient strategy is to couple the hydrogen‐producing enzyme, the …

Unraveling the oligomeric states of the photosystem I complex is essential to understanding
the evolution and native mechanisms of photosynthesis. The molecular composition and …