A milestone in the evolutionary emergence of vertebrates was the invention of cartilage, a
tissue that has key roles in modeling, protecting and complementing the bony skeleton …

Skeletal development is a complex process which requires the tight regulation of gene
activation and suppression in response to local signaling pathways. Among these pathways …

Now in its ninth edition, The Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of
Mineral Metabolism offers an updated and comprehensive guide to bone and mineral …

The growth plate is a highly specialized and dynamic cartilage structure that serves many
essential functions in skeleton patterning, growth and endochondral ossification in …

AIM To explore the exact interaction between Notch and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β
signaling in liver fibrosis. METHODS We established a rat model of liver fibrosis induced by …

Hypertrophic chondrocytes are found at unique locations at the junction of skeletal tissues,
cartilage growth plate, articular cartilage, enthesis and intervertebral discs. Their role in the …

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare, high‐grade, primitive mesenchymal tumor. It
accounts for around 2–10% of all chondrosarcomas and mainly affects adolescents and …

Porcine body length is closely related to meat production, growth, and reproductive
performance, thus playing a key role in the profitability of the pork industry. Cartilage …

Epigenetic mechanisms are known to regulate gene expression during chondrogenesis. In
this study, we have characterized the epigenome during the in vitro differentiation of human …

Sonic Hedgehog/GLI3 signaling is critical in regulating digit number, such that Gli3-
deficiency results in polydactyly and Shh-deficiency leads to digit number reductions …