The developmental environment has strong and pervasive effects on animal phenotype.
Exposure to stress during development (in the form of elevated glucocorticoid hormones or …

An extensive experimental literature documenting negative impacts of early stresses such as
food deprivation, elevated corticosterone, and brood enlargement on numerous …

Many studies have assessed the costs of sibling rivalry in systems where offspring always
have competitors, but conclusions about sibling rivalry in these species are restricted to …

In birds with asynchronous hatching, hatching order is an important factor in determining
offspring phenotype. Many previous studies have demonstrated that later‐hatched offspring …

Habitat alterations in agroecosystems may damage amphibian immune capacity. As
agroecosystem extension is increasing worldwide, broader-context knowledge on the effects …

Life-history theory assumes that the fitness costs of immunity may have negative effects on
reproductive success. Similarly, the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis is based on …

Early-life conditions are important determinants of phenotype and fitness. In birds, hatching
asynchrony can generate differences in early-life conditions within a brood, which, in turn …

Parental care in long‐lived bird species involves a trade‐off between the benefits of
increasing the effort expended on current offspring and the costs that this represents for …