It has long been appreciated that the Gram-negative outer membrane acts as a permeability
barrier, but recent studies have uncovered a more expansive and versatile role for the outer …

Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical buds of the outer membrane filled with
periplasmic content and are commonly produced by Gram-negative bacteria. The production …

Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram negative opportunistic pathogen that has demonstrated
a significant insurgence in the prevalence of infections over recent decades. With only a …

This review focuses on nonlytic outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), a subtype of bacterial
extracellular vesicles (BEVs) produced by Gram-negative organisms focusing on the …

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is an important opportunistic pathogen causing
serious nosocomial infections, which is considered as the most threatening Gram-negative …

Acinetobacter baumannii is regarded as a life-threatening pathogen associated with
community-acquired and nosocomial infections, mainly pneumonia. The rise in the number …

Acinetobacter baumannii is increasingly associated with various epidemics, representing a
serious concern due to the broad level of antimicrobial resistance and clinical …

Background Proteinaceous toxins are observed across all levels of inter-organismal and
intra-genomic conflicts. These include recently discovered prokaryotic polymorphic toxin …

All bacteria produce secreted vesicles that carry out a variety of important biological
functions. These extracellular vesicles can improve adaptation and survival by relieving …

Practical Handbook of Microbiology, 4th edition provides basic, clear and concise
knowledge and practical information about working with microorganisms. Useful to anyone …