Choking under pressure describes suboptimal sport performance in stressful situations,
which has led to two fundamental 'choking'models: distraction and self-focus. The purpose of …

Is forgetting mostly a positive force in human life? On the surface, this seems to not be the
case, and people often associate memory loss with frustration in their everyday lives. Yet …

Experts act without thinking because their skill is hierarchical. A single conscious thought
automatically produces a series of lower-level actions without top-down monitoring. This …

Purpose The present study examined whether engaging working memory in a secondary
task benefits speech fluency. Effects of dual-task conditions on speech fluency, rate, and …

Theories of skilled performance propose that highly trained skills involve hierarchically
structured control processes. The present study examined and demonstrated hierarchical …

We conducted four experiments to investigate skilled typists' explicit knowledge of the
locations of keys on the QWERTY keyboard, with three procedures: free recall (Exp. 1), cued …

Bartlett (1958. Thinking. New York: Basic Books) described the point of no return as a point
of irrevocable commitment to action, which was preceded by a period of gradually …

Purpose: Motor theories indicate that focusing attention on well-practiced movements
interferes with skilled performance; however, specific forms of attention (alerting vs. orienting …

Fine motor skills like typing involve a mapping problem that trades Fitts' law against Hick's
law. Eight fingers have to be mapped onto 26 keys. Movement time increases with distance …

Skilled typing is controlled by two hierarchically structured processing loops (Logan &
Crump, 2011): The outer loop, which produces words, commands the inner loop, which …