There is a constant high demand for energy to sustain the continuous contractile activity of
the heart, which is met primarily by the β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. The control of …

The alterations in myocardial energy substrate metabolism that occur in heart failure, and
the causes and consequences of these abnormalities, are poorly understood. There is …

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Despite
a number of important therapeutic advances for the treatment of symptomatic HF, 1 the …

Background We conducted a multicenter, placebo-controlled trial designed to establish the
efficacy and safety of carvedilol, a “third-generation” β-blocking agent with vasodilator …

Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) is a primary myocardial disease of unknown cause
characterized by left ventricular or biventricular dilatation and impaired myocardial …

Cardiac ischemia and its consequences including heart failure, which itself has emerged as
the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries are accompanied by …

There are now 3 classes of ß-blockers available for clinical use. Table 2 gives the
adrenergic receptor blocking profiles for selected ß-blocking agents, including those that …

The patient is a 63-year-old man with a history of wellcontrolled hypertension who is
diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and treated with a doxorubicincontaining …

Background—Left ventricular or biventricular pacing/stimulation can acutely improve systolic
function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and intraventricular conduction delay …

Background—β-Blockade–induced benefit in heart failure (HF) could be related to baseline
heart rate and treatment-induced heart rate reduction, but no such relationships have been …