The concept of complementarity denotes the beneficial interplay of the elements of a system
where the presence of one element increases the value of others. However, the conceptual …

In this article, we use cross-state panel and cross-US commuting-zone data to look at the
relationship between innovation, top income inequality and social mobility. We find positive …

We quantify the impact of scientific grant funding at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) on
patenting by pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms. Our article makes two contributions …

This article reviews the current debate on whether US agricultural productivity growth is
slowing. It also assesses recent research on how productivity is related to long-term …

The pharmaceutical industry accounts for a substantial chunk of the US economy's research
and development investments, which have resulted in significant medical breakthroughs. At …

We estimate the local spillovers from research university activity in a sample of urban
counties. Our approach uses the interaction between university endowment values and …

While most economists believe that public scientific research fuels industry innovation and
economic growth, systematic evidence supporting this relationship is surprisingly limited. In …

Although public–private collaboration abounds in addressing societal grand challenges,
little is known about its performance relative to private-sector collaboration. Drawing from the …

Using panel data from 242 cities in China, we examine the impact of government research
and development (R&D) spending on corporate technological innovation. We find that listed …

What are the respective roles of the public and private sectors in drug development? This
question is at the heart of some policy proposals, such as those that would give the …