Cell signaling in response to an array of diverse stress stimuli converges on the
phosphorylation of the α-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). Phosphorylation of …

Conspectus In vitro-transcribed RNAs are emerging as new biologics for therapeutic
innovation, as exemplified by their application recently in SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations. RNAs …

Tremendous progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis of the antiviral
actions of interferons (IFNs), as well as strategies evolved by viruses to antagonize the …

The interferon (IFN) system is an extremely powerful antiviral response that is capable of
controlling most, if not all, virus infections in the absence of adaptive immunity. However …

The double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR is a critical mediator of the
antiproliferative and antiviral effects exerted by interferons. Not only is PKR an effector …

Brain ischemia and reperfusion engage multiple independently-fatal terminal pathways
involving loss of membrane integrity in partitioning ions, progressive proteolysis, and …

The IFN-induced double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is one of the four
mammalian serine-threonine kinases (the three others being HRI, GCN2 and PERK) that …

To establish infections in vivo, viruses must replicate in the face of powerful immune defence
mechanisms including those induced by interferons (IFNs). The effectiveness of the IFN …

To thwart viral infection, the host has developed a formidable and integrated defense
network that comprises our innate and adaptive immune response. In recent years, it has …

TLRs function as molecular sensors to detect pathogen-derived products and trigger
protective responses ranging from secretion of cytokines that increase the resistance of …