Carbohydrates are essential mediators of many processes in health and disease. They
regulate self-/non-self-discrimination, are key elements of cellular communication, cancer …

Carbohydrates are the most abundant natural products. Besides their role in metabolism
and as structural building blocks, they are fundamental constituents of every cell surface …

IgG antibodies are secreted from B cells and bind to a variety of pathogens to control
infections as well as contribute to inflammatory diseases. Many of the functions of IgGs are …

To date, most Leishmania and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection cases
reported to WHO come from Southern Europe. Up to the year 2001, nearly 2,000 cases of …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial in the defence against pathogens. Invading pathogens are
recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and receptors such as C-type lectins expressed on …

In addition to providing maximal nutritional value for neonatal growth and development,
human milk functions as an early defense mechanism against invading pathogens. Human …

Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) can efficiently bind and transfer HIV infectivity
without themselves becoming infected. Using live-cell microscopy, we found that HIV was …

Leprosy enables investigation of mechanisms by which the innate immune system
contributes to host defense against infection, because in one form, the disease progresses …

▪ Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly efficient antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that
collect antigen in body tissues and transport them to draining lymph nodes. Antigenic …

Glycosylation of proteins has proven extremely important in a variety of cellular processes,
including enzyme trafficking, tissue homing and immune functions. In the past decade …