Cognitive and behavioural flexibility permit the appropriate adjustment of thoughts and
behaviours in response to changing environmental demands. Brain mechanisms enabling …

Because of enduring experience of managing two languages, bilinguals have been argued
to develop superior executive functioning compared with monolinguals. Despite extensive …

According to some estimates, more than half of the world's population is multilingual to some
extent. Because of the centrality of language use to human experience and the deep …

The hypothesis that managing two languages enhances general executive functioning is
examined. More than 80% of the tests for bilingual advantages conducted after 2011 yield …

Debate continues on whether a bilingual advantage exists with respect to executive
functioning. This report synthesized the results of 170 studies to test whether the bilingual …

Several researchers have suggested that learning and using a second language requires
domain-general executive functions, and many have shown that bilinguals outperform …

The ability to speak two languages often marvels monolinguals, although bilinguals report
no difficulties in achieving this feat. Here, we examine how learning and using two …

Here, we review the neural correlates of cognitive control associated with bilingualism. We
demonstrate that lifelong practice managing two languages orchestrates global changes to …

A large body of research has indicated that bilingualism–through continual practice in
language control–may impact cognitive functions, as well as relevant aspects of brain …

The bilingual advantage hypothesis is difficult to test for many reasons and one is the
complexity of the executive functioning (EF) construct. The newest wave of meta‐anlayses …