The genetically encoded fluorescent sensors convert chemical and physical signals into
light. They are powerful tools for the visualisation of physiological processes in living cells …

Intensiometric genetically encoded biosensors, based on allosteric modulation of the
fluorescence of a single fluorescent protein, are powerful tools for enabling imaging of …

Calcium imaging with protein-based indicators, is widely used to follow neural activity in
intact nervous systems, but current protein sensors report neural activity at timescales much …

Spontaneous animal behaviour is built from action modules that are concatenated by the
brain into sequences,. However, the neural mechanisms that guide the composition of …

Calcium imaging with genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) is routinely used to
measure neural activity in intact nervous systems. GECIs are frequently used in one of two …

INTRODUCTION Neuromodulators, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, or serotonin, exert
powerful control over neural circuit dynamics that give rise to diverse neural function and …

Synapses are intercellular junctions specialized for fast, point-to-point information transfer
from a presynaptic neuron to a postsynaptic cell. At a synapse, a presynaptic terminal …

Video-based screening of pooled libraries is a powerful approach for directed evolution of
biosensors because it enables selection along multiple dimensions simultaneously from …

Genetically encoded dopamine sensors based on green fluorescent protein (GFP) enable
high-resolution imaging of dopamine dynamics in behaving animals. However, these GFP …

Animals require rapid, long-range molecular signaling networks to integrate sensing and
response throughout their bodies. The amino acid glutamate acts as an excitatory …