ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute one of the largest and most ancient
protein superfamilies found in all living organisms. They function as molecular machines by …

ABC transporters catalyze transport reactions, such as the high-affinity uptake of
micronutrients into bacteria and the export of cytotoxic compounds from mammalian cells …

Distribution patterns and finely-tuned concentration gradients of plant hormones govern
plant growth and development. Gibberellin (GA) is a plant hormone regulating key …

Antibiotic discovery is in crisis. Despite a growing need for new drugs resulting from the
increasing number of multi-antibiotic-resistant pathogens, there have been only a handful of …

Drug efflux protein complexes confer multidrug resistance on bacteria by transporting a wide
spectrum of structurally diverse antibiotics. Moreover, organisms can only acquire resistance …

Multidrug resistance (MDR) has appeared in response to selective pressures resulting from
the incorrect use of antibiotics and other antimicrobials. This inappropriate application and …

Complex protein networks are involved in nearly all cellular processes. To uncover these
vast networks of protein interactions, various high-throughput screening technologies have …

Foodborne illnesses caused by bacterial microorganisms are common worldwide and
constitute a serious public health concern. In particular, microorganisms belonging to the …

Highlights•Structure-based mechanisms are available for five major classes of multi-drug
transporters.•Three transporter classes form tripartite assemblies spanning the bacterial cell …

Disruption of redox homeostasis is a crucial factor in the development of drug resistance,
which is a major problem facing current cancer treatment. Compared with normal cells …