Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a collective term for nanoscale or microscale vesicles
secreted by cells that play important biological roles. Mesenchymal stem cells are a class of …

Bones play an important role in maintaining exercise and protecting organs. Bone defect, as
a common orthopedic disease in clinics, can cause tremendous damage with long treatment …

Bone fractures are often companied with poor bone healing and high rates of infection. Early
recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is critical for initiating efficient bone repair …

Although synthesized nanotherapeutics (NTs) are attractive for the oral treatment of colon
diseases, their clinical translations are constrained by the unsatisfactory therapeutic …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous membranous vesicles secreted by living
cells that are involved in many physiological and pathological processes as intermediaries …

Repair of large bone defects represents a major challenge for orthopedic surgeons. The
newly formed microvessels inside grafts play a crucial role in successful bone tissue …

There has been an escalation in reports over the last decade examining the efficacy of bone
marrow derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSC) in bone tissue engineering and …

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disorder that can severely affect joints, and new treatment
strategies are urgently needed. Administration of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐derived …

In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically exosomes, have emerged as a
promising strategy for treating a wide spectrum of pathologies, such as cancer and COVID …

The osteoblast/osteoclast and M1/M2 macrophage ratios play critical roles in delayed
fracture healing. Robust osteoblast differentiation and M2 macrophage polarization can …