It has been 50 years since Francis Fontan pioneered the operation that today bears his
name. Initially designed for patients with tricuspid atresia, this procedure is now offered for a …

Surgical innovation and multidisciplinary management have allowed children born with
univentricular physiology congenital heart disease to survive into adulthood. An estimated …

Bile acids activate farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and G protein–coupled bile acid receptor‐1
(aka Takeda G protein–coupled receptor‐5 [TGR5]) to regulate bile acid metabolism and …

Background Congestive hepatopathy is a recognized complication of Fontan physiology.
Data regarding the incidence of hepatopathy and risk factors are lacking. Methods and …

Life expectancy and quality of life for those born with congenital heart disease (CHD) have
greatly improved over the past 3 decades. While representing a great advance for these …

Aims Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis are a consequence of a Fontan physiology, and determine
prognosis. It is unclear whether non-invasive assessment of liver pathology is helpful to …

Liver disease resulting from heart failure (HF) has generally been referred as “cardiac
hepatopathy”. One of its main forms is congestive hepatopathy (CH), which results from …

Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD) is a form of congestive hepatopathy that is universal
among patients who have undergone Fontan palliation for functional single ventricle …

Abstract Background The impact of Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD) on post-
transplant mortality and indications for combined heart-liver transplant (CHLT) in adult …

Congestive hepatopathy (CH) arises from chronically elevated right‐sided heart pressures
transmitted to the liver by passive venous congestion. Over time, CH can lead to hepatic …