Advances in culture-independent research techniques have led to an increased
understanding of the gut microbiota and the role it plays in health and disease. The intestine …

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has achieved satisfactory results in preventing the
recurrence of Clostridioides difficile infection, but these positive outcomes have only been …

Abstract Scope In 2009, the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious
Diseases (ESCMID) published the first treatment guidance document for Clostridioides …

Cirrhosis–the common end-stage of chronic liver disease–is associated with a cascade of
events, of which intestinal bacterial overgrowth and dysbiosis are central. Bacterial toxins …

A novel syndrome called long-haul COVID or long COVID is increasingly recognized in a
significant percentage of individuals within a few months after infection with SARS-CoV-2 …

Background Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective treatment in C. difficile
infection (CDI) and is currently being investigated in other diseases. There is concern …

Humans share a core intestinal microbiome and yet human microbiome differs by genes,
species, enterotypes (ecology), and gene count (microbial diversity). Achievement of …

Background Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an emerging treatment modality, but
its current clinical use and organisation are unknown. We aimed to describe the clinical use …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) block inhibitory molecules, such as cytotoxic T-
lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), or its …

Both genetic susceptibility and environmental factors are important contributors to
autoimmune disease pathogenesis. As an environmental factor, the gut microbiome plays a …