Ensuring that people have access to sufficient and nutritious food is necessary for a healthy
life and the core tenet of food security. With the global population set to reach 9.8 billion by …

Cofactors are fundamental to the catalytic activity of enzymes. Additionally, because plants
are a critical source of several cofactors (ie, including their vitamin precursors) within the …

Metabolic engineering uses enzymes as parts to build biosystems for specified tasks.
Although a part's working life and failure modes are key engineering performance indicators …

Continuous directed evolution of enzymes and other proteins in microbial hosts is capable of
outperforming classical directed evolution by executing hypermutation and selection …

Plants release back to the atmosphere about half of the CO2 they capture by photosynthesis.
Decreasing the rate of crop respiration could therefore potentially increase yields, store …

Rice is a major food crop to approximately half of the human population. Unfortunately, the
starchy endosperm, which is the remaining portion of the seed after polishing, contains …

B vitamins are a source of coenzymes for a vast array of enzyme reactions, particularly those
of metabolism. As metabolism is the basis of decisions that drive maintenance, growth, and …

Sulfide-dependent THI4 thiazole synthases could potentially be used to replace plant
cysteine-dependent suicide THI4s, whose high protein turnover rates make thiamin …

Insufficient dietary intake of micronutrients contributes to the onset of deficiencies termed
hidden hunger—a global health problem affecting approximately 2 billion people. Vitamin …

Thiamin (or thiamine) is a water-soluble B-vitamin (B1), which is required, in the form of
thiamin pyrophosphate, as an essential cofactor in crucial carbon metabolism reactions in all …