Rocky planets are common around other stars, but their atmospheric properties remain
largely unconstrained. Thanks to a wealth of recent planet discoveries and upcoming …

Planets intermediate in size between the Earth and Neptune, and orbiting closer to their host
stars than Mercury does the Sun, are the most common type of planet revealed by exoplanet …

The population of small, close-in exoplanets is bifurcated into super-Earths and sub-
Neptunes. We calculate physically motivated mass–radius relations for sub-Neptunes, with …

Recent observations identify a valley in the radius distribution of small exoplanets, with
planets in the range 1.5–2.0 R⊕ significantly less common than somewhat smaller or larger …

Thousands of exoplanets have now been discovered with a huge range of masses, sizes
and orbits: from rocky Earth-like planets to large gas giants grazing the surface of their host …

The Kepler mission, combined with ground-based radial velocity (RV) follow-up and
dynamical analyses of transit timing variations, has revolutionized the observational …

Transiting planet surveys like Kepler have provided a wealth of information on the
distribution of planetary radii, particularly for the new populations of super-Earth-and sub …

The radius distribution of small, close-in exoplanets has recently been shown to be bimodal.
The photoevaporation model predicted this bimodality. In the photoevaporation scenario …

Habitability is a widely used word in the geoscience, planetary science, and astrobiology
literature, but what does it mean? In this review on habitability, we define it as the ability of …

We use models of coupled thermal evolution and photo-evaporative mass loss to
understand the formation and evolution of the Kepler-36 system. We show that the large …