Simple Summary Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a molecular fingerprint for defects in the
mismatch repair system (dMMR) and is associated with higher risks of cancers. MSI/dMMR …

Since pembrolizumab, an anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibody, showed a dramatic
response to immunogenic cancers with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) and/or …

Considering the extensive and widespread impact on individuals, cancer can presently be
categorized as a pandemic. In many instances, the development of tumors has been linked …

Background: Achalasia and other esophageal dysmotility disorders mimicking achalasia can
be associated with cancer. This study aimed to review the main mechanisms for which …

Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease, a neglected disease that can be divided,
overall, into acute and chronic phases. Understanding the mechanisms underlying its …

Background Chronic diseases such as chagasic megaesophagus (secondary to Chagas'
disease) have been suggested as etiological factors for esophageal squamous cell …

Background: The overall objective response rate (ORR) of published clinical trials in
advanced gastroesophageal cancer patients who received anti-program-death-1 (anti-PD-1) …

Background: Chagasic megaesophagus (CM) as well as the presence of human
papillomavirus (HPV) has been reported as etiological factors for esophageal squamous cell …

Background & Objective: Iran is located in the esophageal cancer geographical belt. As
multiple genetic alterations are responsible for the molecular pathogenesis of esophageal …

Background: Chagasic megaesophagus (clinical manifestation of chagasic disease) has
been reported as an etiological factor for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, as …