Phenotypic plasticity has emerged as a major contributor to intra-tumoral heterogeneity and
treatment resistance in cancer. Increasing evidence shows that glioblastoma (GBM) cells …

Brain, the major organ of the central nervous system controls and processes most of body
activities. Therefore, the most aggressive brain tumor–glioblastoma and metastases from …

The identity and unique capacity of cancer stem cells (CSC) to drive tumor growth and
resistance have been challenged in brain tumors. Here we report that cells expressing CSC …

Tumor heterogeneity represents an ongoing challenge in the field of cancer therapy.
Heterogeneity is evident between cancers from different patients (inter-tumor heterogeneity) …

Temozolomide (TMZ) is a first-choice alkylating agent inducted as a gold standard therapy
for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and astrocytoma. A majority of patients do not respond to …

Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the brain, where they perform a wide array of
functions, yet the nature of their cellular heterogeneity and how it oversees these diverse …

Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity arise among cancer cells within the same tumour
as a consequence of genetic change, environmental differences and reversible changes in …

The term “cancer stem cell”(CSC) refers to a cancer cell with the following features:
clonogenic ability, the expression of stem cell markers, differentiation into cells of different …

Over the last decade, the notion that tumors are maintained by their own stem cells, the so-
called cancer stem cells, has created great excitement in the research community. This …

The differentiation of tumorigenic cancer stem cells into nontumorigenic cancer cells confers
heterogeneity to some cancers beyond that explained by clonal evolution or environmental …